Sunday, July 11, 2010
Moving on
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
The spring is turning Bologna into a beautiful and sunny city. Walking under the porticoes in the afternoon, the rays of sunshine add another dimension to the buildings already gorgeous with their crumbling bricks and peeling plaster. After such a long, cold winter it feels so good to have warm air rush over me while I am sitting at a cafe' or taking the long way to class through the park.
Since returning from Barcelona, my life has been centered in Bologna. After finishing a rigorous medical evaluation in preparation for the Peace Corps, made more difficult because I am in Italy, I am taking two French courses and studying on my own in order to learn that language before leaving for sub-Saharan Africa in the fall. If all goes according to plan, I should be leaving in September and will be working to teach communities how to solve environmental problems.
At the moment I am enrolled in three science courses at the University of Bologna: Atmospheric Chemistry, Hydrology, and my personal favorite VULCANOLOGIA! For the last course, we are making an excursion to see Etna next month, and I am very excited. The geology students in the course are fun and enthusiastic, and I find it incredibly entertaining to argue with the guys about soccer (about which I know nothing except I am a fan of Juventus and that Milan and Inter are not good).
In the last couple of months I’ve also had some great dinner parties at which I have cooked passatelli (a dish that is like pasta but made with bread crumbs instead of flour and cooked in broth), pasta alla carbonara (made with a whip of eggs, shredded pecorino cheese, and small pieces of bacon cooked together with pasta in the pot) and a potato dish which I invented (recipe top top secret). More Italian friends have been coming to my dinners lately and I have received numerous compliments on the development of my culinary abilities (sviluppo delle mie abilita’ come cuoco), although I know that nothing could every compare to what they eat when their mothers cook at the house.
For a dinner last month I invited our neighbors from the second floor, who before I only knew in passing, and now we have become great friends! One of the girls is a hair dresser (parucchiere), and she constantly reminds me that she needs to cut the train wreck that is my hair again (like every 2 weeks). After coming to my dinner, they invited me to an aperitivo at their apartment, which is like a party with a buffet, where I met all kinds of Italians who work in Bologna but are from all over the country. One guy gave me all kinds of advice for where to go in Sicily, so hopefully I will make it there soon!
There have also been the usual trips to the Mercato delle Erbe to get tons of fruits and vegetables at rock bottom prices as well as to the library Biblioteca Salaborsa, where I continue to support my adoration of Marcello Mastroianni as well as great jazz artists like Lee Konitz and Jerry Mulligan. Also, last month I prepared a virtual presentation for Carolina Navigators at UNC which I hope to be giving soon. With this presentation I will be talking to children in North Carolina about the food and culture of Italy using my web camera, telling them about where I’ve travelled, giving them a tour of my Italian apartment, and teaching them how to make coffee with a moka. I give the presentation for the first time at the beginning of next month and I can’t wait!
With friends at the Giardina Margherita.
While I have been spending much of my time in Bologna, I did make another amazing trip to Liguria for Easter break to go to a wine festival with my friend Simone and his compatriots. The first couple days of the break I went out with my friends here in Bologna and had a pretty good time dancing, but the third day I knew that I needed to get out of the city. So, when Simone asked me if I wanted to plunge into the wilderness again I jumped at the chance.
Cinque Terre is a set of five tiny villages on the rocky coast of Liguria northeast of La Spezia. Bonnassola is the first town north of Cinque Terre and is even smaller. The town where the wine festival, called Terra e Liberta’ Critical Wine, took place was not even in this town but in an even smaller one nearby called Monteretto. I took the long train ride to get to Bonassola (made shorter by the fact that I had Dante’s Paradiso with me) and took a walk through the sea side town bordered by steep rocky cliffs. All of the restaurants had great lunch specials from the sea whose names rolled off the tongue, and it seemed like every person walking by was eating gelato and smiling.
A little later that evening I caught a shuttle bus headed for Monteretto, and I tried to snap a few photos as the bus crawled up the side of a mountain on a road with a million switchbacks. The bus driver honked the funny sounding horn every time we went around a sharp corner as well as several times when he saw people he knew. This latter always scared me a tad because he would swerve a bit on the edge of this cliff while he was smiling and waving.
Bonassola from above.
I could see the sun on the water, and the horizon stretched for miles away from the rocky coastline. After a time, the village of Bonassola appeared small and far away under us, like a jewel in the middle of a blanket or Dante’s view of Earth before passing into the Cielo delle Stelle Fisse. The packed bus finally reached some level ground, and then began the down hill to the tiny town of Monteretto.
After getting off the bus and seeing the town hanging over the sparkling water of the Mediterranean, I was simply amazed that there could be such a beautiful town on all the Earth, more amazed that I could exist in it, and most amazed that there was a party in this town which would last until the sun came up the next day. My cell phone appeared to be dead, so I went in to one of the towns two café’s and hooked it up to the electricity, which came from I don’t know how far away. I made friends with the barrista and, after talking to my friend Simone, found out that they were going to be a bit late.
I decided not to wait for him. I went ahead with the degustazione of the wines and began meeting amazing people and tasting amazing wines from all over Italy. There were wines from as far away as Sicily and as close as the vineyard that led to the campsites. There were wines from the palest shade of white to the strongest red that just stuck to your mouth like they wanted you to forever have that feeling. Many times it would take me 5 or 6 tries before I actually felt like I had tasted the wine (know what I mean?) and around 10PM when the music started I had my arms around my new friends sharing wine with them and trying the wine that they poured into my glass. It would be difficult for me to tell you exactly which vineyard each of these elixirs came from or the name of the winery. All I know is that it was all so delicious and cheap and so GOOD!
Simone and his friends arrived in proper Italian fashion, four hours late and bounding with exuberance. He called to me across the crowd and I introduced him to everyone I had met or talked to or made eye contact with, and he threw his friends into the mix. The band playing on the tiny main piazza of the town was a cross between 8 or 9 musicians wielding classical string and wind instruments on the left hand and another group on the right jamming on native instruments from Africa and the Middle East. I don’t know how the harmony worked, but it was awful good music.
The night wore on and after an unreasonable number of encores the band stepped off the stage. The party moved into and out of the café’s, under the tents, to the campground and back. There was not another foreigner in sight. I remember attempting to play the guitar and missing the strings, I remember dancing quite well with many people, I remember walking through the vineyard and trying to sing along with traditional Italian songs.
When I woke up in the morning, I decided that I would rather not test my mortality by staying another night of the festival. I climbed into a slightly more comfortable position in the camper I was in and continued to slumber. After I awoke, I met up with Simone, who was walking a dog that was not his, and got us coffee and croissants at the café’ on the piazza. I filled up my water bottle with mountain water from the spring tap, bought a couple of bottles of my favorite white wine for my roommate Guillaume’s birthday, and took about 3 hours to say good bye to all my new friends.
Instead of taking the bus back, I took a path through the woods that led all downhill to the town of Bonassola. I walked down stone steps, over ancient bridges, along dirt paths that led through the vineyards on the mountainside and took a rest at a church that did not have a road leading away from it. Many of the trees in the farms had nets spread out between them to catch the olives as they fell. The view from the courtyard of the church was absolutely incredible, with great big white poofy clouds crawling slowly over the sea towards the coastal town below. I walked along a bubbling stream for the last stretch into town, bought a ticket, and sat down to drink mountain water and wait for the next train back to Bologna.
At the moment I am preparing for the arrival of my best friend Alex who is coming to visit me next month. We are going to spend 4 or 5 days in Rome and then hang out on a rocky beach nearby. By that time the water should be swimmable, and I will be diving head first in crystal clear water and watching at the light plays tricks on the intertidal stones. Also, I have continued to foster my dreams of taking a bike trip through Italy. In fact, yesterday I took a trip to nearby Modena to check out a bicycle which I will probably get for the trip. The bicycle belongs to the uncle of my TANDEM partner, who I have met once a week for about 4 months now so I can practice Italian and he can practice English. The frame and many of the parts are Campagnolo, which is, as I was expertly informed, il migliore, and if I can get my knee better by July I will be whizzing down (and hopefully up) hills as I head north in the Appenine mountains!
That is currently la mia vita here in Bologna. While North Carolina feels far away, I know that in three months I will be returning to my patria to graduate from UNC in August and then begin another part of my life. Seems like this time in Italy passes quicker every day, but if the stay wasn’t limited it wouldn’t be as precious. See you at the end of the summer…
Friday, February 26, 2010
Barcelona Sun and Paris Sound
I woke up very early on a cold morning at the end of January, taking a bus to a stop close to the airport and walking the rest of the way (because the airport bus costs more, you learn these things when you live here). The plane shuddered as it took off and flew over the seemingly endless Mediterranean Sea, a sea which I swam in for the first time in September last year. I landed in Girona and stayed the night in small hostel bed. After having some fast food chapas, I took a long walk through the town and saw the cathedral that rises up on a hill over the river. A German I met at the hostel suggested upon my return that we go out for a drink. We strolled through the sandy piazzas bordered by palm trees swaying in the wind and found an almost deserted bar just where the town starts to shed its history and take on a modern feel.
I say almost deserted because there happened to be a gaggle of Spanish people there and, after trying out my language skills (‘Hola! Me llamo Ben! Me gustas...!’) they began to talk English or Italian and we got along pretty well. This German and I started out with plain beer, but the next drink I tried this delightful concoction called Ratafia. As opposed to the awful taste of the name, this elixer is absolutely DELICIOUS! I am unable to describe how happy I was, and with every sip from the tall glass I reiterated to my newfound colleagues the completely divine gusto of the drink. It is the equivalent of limoncello in Italy, which is drunk after meals before the guests have to head into the cold night, but it has some kind of unexplainable zip to it. SOOOO good.
I left them around 2 AM because I thought I might utilize the space I had reserved at the hostel rather than return only for breakfast. That morning I met some great Italians from Milan, and we talked about Spain over tea and croissants. After getting directions from the amazing Spanish lady at the front desk, I came to realize why the name Barcelona is so beautiful. When Spanish women say it, they roll the r and lisp the s, sort of like ‘Barrrrthelona,’ and it sounds heavenly to ears parched by too many plane and bus engines. I walked outside, said goodbye to the river and the apartments perched over it with decaying concrete roofs covered with vines, and jumped on a train to Barrrrthelona.
Near the metro stop I met my friend Vicente, and together we went to buy food to cook, and cook, and cook. The market we went to was called something like the Mercat Ingles. It had food from around the world, and apparently just saying the name to a Spanish person was like a joke. After the market, we headed to Vicente’s rooftop apartment which overlooks Barcelona’s soccer stadium and I cooked my special pasta sauce (which, by the way, gets better every time I make it). We ate lunch for an hour and a half on the patio, drinking local wine from the Basque country and talking about food and life and politics and weather and culture and America and Spain... and lounged in the sun, something I hadn’t been able to do for ages during Italy’s gray winter. After lunch, Vicente took his siesta while I sat on the patio and looked through the guidebook. I could never see everything in this city.
After leaving Vicente’s, I met up with a Portuguese couple that had invited me on couchsurfing to stay with them for the night. They live up on one of the hills that looms over the city, and there was an amazing view of Montjuic and the sea from the rooftop. When I first saw the alleyway that their apartment opens into, covered with plants in tiled ceramic pots and looking out on more beautiful building rising from a hillside across the way, I knew I was in Spain. Andre, the husband, and I took a long walk through Parco Guell, masterpiece of the Spanish architect Gaudi who designed many of the unique sculptures and facades that Barcelona is famous for. I forgot my camera, but I can tell you there was a lizard and that Gaudi’s house looked taken from Alice in Wonderland. Using small colored tiles and concrete, Gaudi somehow managed to take the rough jagged material of glazed ceramic and use it to create flowing designs and patterns. The park was crowded with people, and we walked slow because I was having problems with my knee but it was better that way.
Andre and his wife in the beautiful alleyway of their apatment.
Back at the apartment that night, I ate so much food I thought I wouldn’t have to eat again till returning to Bologna. We started with toasted bread with olive oil covered with a special breed of tomato cut with a cheese grater. Then they brought out this dish with supports over it and I was wondering what it was for when Andre put the salsiccia on it, poured all over alcohol, and lit it on fire! After the flame died down, the thing was cooked and I ate most of it still amazed at how simple the process was. We walked to a Portuguese bakery for desert after dinner (these flat cupcakes that tasted like pieces of cloud mixed with rays of sunshine) and I wanted to buy the special kind of plate to cook stuff by lighting it on fire, but I don’t think the airline would have allowed it on. Plus it weighed 4 or 5 kilos.
The next morning I made French toast (which I had been thinking about for a long time, it’s weird how sometimes these days I’ll be on the bus home and just begin imagining myself cooking a specific dish, hope I’m not alone in this kind of thing) and the couple rode the metro with me to the Hard Rock Cafe. Before leaving Bologna, I had booked a tour to see the palaces and piazzas that Carlos Ruiz Zafon, an author from San Francisco whose books are all set in Barcelona, mentions in his writing. It was a small tour, only about 10 people, and it was in Catalan! This is a second language which many people in this region of Spain speak. I decided to just go along with it because trying to understand the words the guide used was more fun than if the tour had been in English, and with my 100 or so words of Spanish I managed to chat with everyone.

A piazza mentioned in Zafon's 'The Shadow of the Wind'
Zafon mentions all these mystic, phantasmic scenes in his book where the protagonist suddenly finds him or herself in the middle of a cemetery shrouded in fog or a piazza where the light is bright and he has to squint his eyes. In ‘The Shadow of the Wind’ he mentions the Cemetery for Lost Books, and I got to see the libreria that was the inspiration for this during the tour! All through the alleyways of Barcelona there was colorful laundry overhead swaying in the wind and people talking in a beautiful language that I may one day understand.

The cemetery of lost books.

All of the awesome Spanish people on the tour.
After the tour and a famous group picture I took a stroll along the water lined with palm trees, elegant light posts, people on bicycles, and sunlight. I took a right turn down Las Ramblas, the beautiful main pedestrian thoroughfare of Barcelona where many street artists dress in costume and musicians play sweet drifting melodys. I ate a lunch of baguette and strawberries from the outdoor market and headed to see the Salvidor Dali museum.

The path beside the water in Barcelona
Dali was a surrealist painter who lived in a gorgeous house on the Spanish coast northeast of Barcelona. Among the many intriguing works on display at the museum, I found that Dali had created a painting for every canto in Dante’s Commedia. Dali’s seemingly incomprehensible but beautiful artwork seemed to match the feeling for every part of Dante’s poem: pain in the Inferno, the notion of time in Purgatorio, and the joy of Paradiso. There was also a model of an enormous sculpture that Dali made for an art festival where, on the final day of the festival, all of the artwork is burned to the ground in a spectacular fire. The idea that an artist could work so hard when they knew the finished product would go up in flames shows true passion.

Dali's picture for the first canto of Paradiso where Dante invents the word 'trashumanar' to describe the change that takes place in his vision so that he is able to ascend into the Sky of the Moon (Cielo della Luna)
After the museum I spent the night with Vicente, who took me to a Spanish birthday party. I had some traditional Spanish drinks, amazing Spanish food (some kind of dip made with spicy peppers and potatoes), and danced with all of the party-goers. Most of them were older than me, but they knew how to groove! With my limited Spanish I introduced myself and they were very patient with my linguistic inexpertise. The DJ had an affinity for American songs from the 70’s, and the songs seemed to keep getting better and better. After feeling fully prepared, we headed out in the cold night air to the disco, where we promptly took over the dance floor and I danced, rather well, with several Spanish ladies as the night went on.
That day I also learned several memorable elements of Spanish culture from Vicente. The first was the phrase ‘Esto con Franco NON pasaba!’. It means ‘This didn’t happen with Franco!’ and refers to a political leader in Spain who had a lot of support among the older population of Barcelona. I tried it out several times when trivial things seemed to be going wrong and it had great success among the older members of the party. I also learned that day about Choriso, which is like salami in Italy but spicy and denser. My goodness it is delicious.
The day after the party Vicente and I spent the entire afternoon cooking a traditional basque dish from Vicente’s home town. It involved making a filling out of hot milk, flour, and butter, adding tuna, stuffing red peppers soaked in olive oil with the filling, coating the peppers with eggs, and frying them in more olive oil. We made sooo much and ate like kings. Strangely enough, we usually had meals with baguettes, and I thought that baguettes would largely have been found under the roofs of Paris.
Me and Vicente outside the soccer stadium. Apparently things can get pretty crazy at this place...
After our 4,5, I don’t know how many hour culinary escapade, I took a train to the town of Sitges, which is south of Barcelona and right on the water. During the summer it is a very popular resort town, but when I went the streets were not crowded and there was no one swimming in the water. I spent the first night in a hostel and stayed the second night with a couple who owns a restaurant that is hidden in one of the narrow cobbled alleyways of the town. The restaurant is downstairs and the couple (as well as the cook) lives upstairs. I dropped off my stuff, had some breakfast in the kitchen of the restaurant, and took off to go hiking in a national park that overlooks the ocean.
I walked pretty slow because of my knee, but I had more time to enjoy the view. I think this was actually the first time I have ever seen a cactus in the wild. Along the way I said ‘Hola!’ and smiled at the beautiful Spanish people, many of whom had simply stopped their car beside the road and decided to lounge on a blanket, ‘basque’ing in the sun. I hiked for most of the day and saw all kinds of strange plants that the dry terrain offered, and I was so happy to have a sunburn afterwards!

View of the ocean from the top of a hill in the National Park
That night I ate with the cook, couple, and their kids in the restaurant, then studied French late into the night. For an hour I sat at the bar and talked with the cook, who is from Copenhagen, and he told me all about his city. I really want to go to Copenhagen now to see the bikes because apparently everyone, and I mean everyone, goes in bike because it is incredibly expensive to have a car, and bikes get stolen all the time even more so than in Bologna. For example, after a long night at the disco, if someone has stolen your bike you might just say ‘Oh, well, I’ll take this other one,’ which wouldn’t make you a thief but just a part of a long chain of intentional borrowings. Also, many real thiefs go around in vans and just pick off bikes using great big pliers and throwing them into the van. Sometimes they even pick up motorbikes! And if you own a van, someone will steal the van, and then they will use the van to steal bikes!
After talking about Copenhagen, I asked the cook to let me help in the kitchen the next morning. And we cooked up a storm. Although it was down season and there were not too many customers to be found, the cook and I made enough food for an army in a couple of hours. Some of the dishes, like spaghetti and meatballs, are pretty common to restaurants everywhere, but I also learned how to make this traditional white bean soup. After we got done cutting, stewing, stirring, and washing, I got a bowl of every dish we made, and each was like a little piece of paradise.
Before heading back to Barcelona, I took a long walk along the sandy path lined with palm trees beside the water and tried not to notice all the modifications that machines were making to the beach (well, it WAS off season, and it takes a lot of rocks to stabilize a beach). The sun felt so good and it sparkled on the waves that lapped at the shore. All along the water were traditional looking Spanish houses and men walking with canes and people with rimmed hats sitting on benches. Gorgeous.

Palm trees lining the path beside the water in Sitges
Back in Barcelona, I took a walk during the afternoon through the park of Montjuic, which was the site of the Barcelona Olympics and practically covers a whole hill, and stayed the last night with Vicente, making us risotto with chorizo. Chorizo has this wonderful red element that dissolves in the water and congeals on the rice, and it makes a darn good risotto.
My last day in Spain, early, I said good-bye to Vicente and headed to Fegueres to see the Salvidor Dali Theatre before catching the plane in Girona. The museum was filled with all kinds of indescribable art in which a person can get very lost looking for meaning. So, I just looked. In the courtyard of the museum was a car with half a man inside attached to a boat floating in the air with weird blue droplets dripping off of it all steered by a woman made of drift wood from the sea. This was surrounded by statues that looked like Oscar trophies motioning with their arms. Inside the theater and in the hallways I saw many of the paintings that up till then I had only seen in books: people with drawers coming out of their bodies, clocks oozing over the side of blocks, and other products of a genius imagination.


Sculptures in the courtyard and above the stage in the Salvidor Dali theater.
I caught a cappuccino and made it to my plane in plenty of time, but I was coughing and beginning to not feel so well. On the plane I met a teacher who teaches Spanish in Paris and French in Barcelona. He flies back and forth every week to two different schools, and he wanted to learn English so that he could know the three most spoken languages in the world. He helped me a bit with my (atrocious!) French pronunciation and tried out a few words in English, like a skater carefully making their way across thin ice.
Landing in France, I was enthralled to hear the French people around me talking fluently with the raspy r and the fluid way of ending words that I have so much trouble with. In the bus on the way to Paris I caught my first sight of the Eiffel Tower. That first night I got in very late and stayed with a friend of my mom’s and her amazing musically talented family. While I was sick for most of my stay in Paris and ended up staying under the covers in the mezzanine, which is like a raised bed with sliding doors, the sound of different family members practicing bass, flute, or piano would drift up to my ears and alleviate the fever a bit. The whole time I was in Paris this family made me delicious meals, and while my appetite was not very awake my favorite was most definitely the fondue! Fondue is made from three specific cheeses and a specific white wine which are found (I think) only in France, and they are mixed together and put over a flame on the middle of the table. To eat, a person simply takes a piece of bread, dips it in the melted mixture, and tries not to get the rogue strands of cheese everywhere! Their spacious apartment with designs on the ceiling really made me feel like I was in the heart of France.

My favorite sculpture on the Arc de Triumph
My first day in Paris I visited the Arc de Triumph, a monument to Napoleon’s success in war, and took a walk down the Champs d’Elysee. Afterwards I met up with the husband of the family I stayed with who is a lawyer and he gave me a grand tour of the halls of justice. There are something like 20 kilometers of hallways devoted to this portion of the government in Paris, and all of the judges and lawyers wear traditional black robes with white collars. I also sat in on hearing for one of the trials and tried to understand all the words (for example, ‘J’oublie’), but by this time I knew I needed to get back to bed.

Gargoyles on top of Notre Dame. They come alive at night and... do mean stuff around the city. But I think Van Helsing comes and fights them or something.
It was torture having to be in bed with this great big beautiful city swirling around me, but that’s how travelling and life go. I did try to go out one night to meet up with some friends of friends. I got to their apartment and immediately fell in love with their voices, the way they spoke French, and one day I hope to speak that well. We made crepes and drank white wine and talked and laughed and listened to one of the guys play accordion music late into the night. I had worse fever all night, but looking back it seems very worth it. They introduced me to some traditionally French music (LA BAS… IN TERRAMARA!) and wrote down some recipes for me that I hope to try out soon. Crepes are so easy to make and so fun, it’s a wonder everyone doesn’t do them! After tea and more talking and then lunch and then tea again the next day, I headed back to the loft to crawl back into the mezzanine.

Me next to a young self portrait of Durer. I am the one on the right, smiling.
My last day in Paris I summoned some energy from deep inside and got myself out of bed to make a trip to the Louvre with my mom’s friend. The Louvre is the biggest art museum in the world, and it is truly impossible to see it all in a week or even a month unless you simply walk through each room snapping photos and not looking. I was especially interested to see the works of Durer, a German artist we studied in my art class, and I also got to see an enormous hall full of Rubens paintings and finally the Mona Lisa (‘La Gioconda’).

The modern glass pyramid outside the Louvre.
After stepping out of the Louvre and walking past the modern glass pyramid in the front of the museum, I got a glimpse of the Eiffel Tower lighting up just as it was beginning to get dark. The tower sparkled. It looked like a million different firecrackers were going off all up and down the tower, and at this distance the tower seemed to be taking off from the ground.
The next morning taking off from Paris I was very sad to not have been able to see hardly anything during my stay but truly happy that I got to spend time with this amazing family. I am incredibly grateful for everything they did for me.
At the moment, back in Bologna, I feel like I am really ready for this semester. While last semester I started my courses two or three weeks late, this time I have met with all of the professors beforehand and feel really prepared to learn. I am taking three natural science courses this semester including Vulconology, and we are going to make some excursions to the different volcanoes near Napoli in April! I am also finishing up the medical evaluation portion of my Peace Corps application, which is proving to be incredibly difficult in this country but possible, and I am working very hard to start learning French on my own before I begin a language course next month. As a result of my travels last semester, I am slightly poorer this semester and will probably not travel as much, and I will have to shop more at the Mercato delle Erbe (frutte e verdure ai prezzi piu bassi!). However, I am really starting to get a hang of Italian and, strange enough, am actually looking forward to working and studying these spring months. I have to take another exam for my Dante course at the end of next month, so I am still reading the Commedia, and every time I open Paradiso it feels like opening the door to my warm apartment after a cold walk home at night.
I am starting to get a bit homesick, five months after my arrival in Italy, and I miss my parents, my best friends, professors, and bike in North Carolina, but I’ll pull through, for mine is a heart made of iron!
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
Rome and thoughts on Dante
I walked around Rome for three days and saw many of the famous monuments the city is known for. At the bottom of the Spanish steps, the cappuccino that I had in Milan which I thought was the best in the entire world was soundly beaten by another at the Antico Cafe’ Greco, a place where writers like Hemingway used to discuss stuff. I also got to see the Trevi Fountain, Piazza Navona, La Basilica di San Pietro, and many more.
That Saturday I participated in ‘Una Manifestazione Nazionale Opposizione Sociale…’ called No B Day. The B stood for Berlusconi (as opposed to the B for Birthday or Ben). At the start of the parade, whose members were composed mostly of radical Italian youths, members of the communist party, and people like me who just wanted to march, I met up with my housemate Marco and his friends Fabbio and Massimo. Fabbio’s famous two words of English (‘Oh Yeeah!’) were put to very good use, as were the eloquent curse words which I have discovered in the Italian language.
All through the manifestation I saw banners being waved, people chanting mean things about Berlusconi, and many very creative ways to protest. Two guys had made sort of prison they were porting around on their shoulders which had a doll replica of Berlusconi on the inside. Apparently Italy’s political system is thought to have strong ties to the mafia and to be very corrupt. We walked along streets with names like Repubblica and Augusto while Fabbio and Massimo joked and took pictures. My friend who I stayed with in Rome did not go the march because he thinks that they don’t do much good, but they do seem to be quite fun. One of my favorite parts was the appearance right after the march began of vendors on the street selling purple scarves. Purple is a color for protesting and for freedom, but these people grabbed the opportunity to make some money from the event (which seems to me as Italian as it gets).
The end of the march was followed by a couple of hours of very heated speeches where people vented their anger with Berlusconi’s reputed ties to the mafia, his almost complete control of the media, and his efforts to distract the populace with silly scandals while he makes shady deals behind their back. Two speeches in particular caught my attention: one by a man whose brother was murdered by the mafia, and the other by an advocate for the town of Aquiela which was devastated by an earthquake last year and the people are still living in tents (sort of like Italy’s Hurricane Katrina).
I ate a long dinner with bread and wine in a restaurant near the coliseum with Marco’s posse, spent a late night at the disco dancing, walked around Rome more the next day, and took a late train home. I crashed in my bed, slept for ten hours, and woke up almost ravenous to read Dante. I read cantos and notes for hours that Monday in preparation for an exam, and in the following week I studied more or less non-stop. While studying, I began to realize why I read Dante and why his Commedia is so beautiful.
The Commedia is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, which are further divided into 34, 33, and 33 cantos. The whole work can be written (very small but legibly) on one poster, but what takes the most time while reading is the comments. There is practically an entire book for every line in the Comedy! In the first canto of Inferno, Dante is lost in a dark wood (selva oscura) because he has strayed from the direct path (diritta via). He suddenly sees a hill whose peak is bathed in sunlight and he wants to go to the top and achieve salvation. HOWEVER, his path is blocked by three jungle cats (fieri) which symbolize the three natural sins of passion in this world (sins in which humans do not use their ability to reason, as opposed to sins of violence in which humans use reason). He seems gloomy and lost and shouts ‘AHI!’ but thankfully he meets up with his teacher and guide Virgil who explains that he will take another route to the mountain peak. It’s not like the Blue Ridge Parkway where you can drive up the mountain and stop at overlooks: Dante is going to have to really work for this view.
Inferno follows Dante’s journey through steadily smaller circles to the pit of hell. Each circle holds the sinners punished for a particular sin, and their punishments get progressively more gruesome as the sins get worse. Dante talks and interacts with the punished and with Virgil throughout the descent. At the bottom, he sees Lucifero, who gnaws on the bodies of Cassius and Brutus (the most treacherous sinners against the empire) and Judas (against Christ) with his three mouths. Cassius and Brutus have their torsos and heads pointed outward, but Judas gets gnawed on head first!
Dante then takes a long tunnel up to the other hemisphere of the world and emerges on the beautiful beach of Purgatorio, a tall mountain island on which souls of sinners who put their faith in God are punished for a finite time for purification before being allowed into heaven. As he climbs up the mountain he passes through successive conices in which souls are punished in different ways according to the gravity of their sins. At the peak of the mountain he enters the garden of Eden (paradiso terrestre) and Beatrice takes over the role as his guide (Dante cries, which is kind of nice). Dante looks into Beatrice’s eyes as she looks directly into the sun, and Dante’s vision is transformed (Dante invents a new word here, trasumanar) and he enters Paradiso. Through the encounter with Beatrice the reader discovers the difference between amore divino (divine love) and amore terrestre (earthly love, or as me and my friend Guido like to put is, amore divano. Divano means sofa).
In Paradiso Dante ascends into successively larger and larger skies represented by the planets and sun. Each sky has a significance associated with the deity after which the planet in that sky is named (intellectuals for the Sun, love for Venus, wisdom for Saturn, etc.), and the saved souls in that sky are incredibly joyous and happy to be there. Dante reaches the sky of fixed stars (cielo delle stele fisse), the highest sky that humans are able to see, and then he passes into a sky outside of space and time called the Empireo which we are not able to sense (except with real good telescopes!... called bibles), where he receives the vision of the Trinity.
For most Italians, the Inferno is the most exciting, interesting, and important part of the poem because of all the action (violence, gore, tortured souls running after a blank flag and constantly swapping at the insects chewing on their bodies while maggots drink the blood that runs off at their feet). This is also the only part which I read in high school which inspired me to want to read Dante. However, throughout this semester I have discovered that my favorite is Paradiso because , in this final ascent, it becomes more and more difficult for Dante to put into words what he is seeing. The intensity of the light, joy of various souls, and exultation that Dante feels in his heart are beyond description with the use of human instruments. His effort to reach out and put these ideas into words is inspiring and fantastic. He does not have the words, which is how I feel sometimes, but he chooses the closest ones he can.
Dante with his Comedy hoped to put the human race back on the straight path to God and Christ because it had strayed very far away and eternal damnation awaits sinners in the Inferno. In this sense, our lives are less than a speck of sand on the beach, and after awaits an eternity of pain or paradise all depending on one decision: whether we have faith or not. On the other extreme is the view that our lives are really all we get and that before and after is only darkness. Either way our lives are incredibly important, but at this point it is interesting to ask a question. How would a person change their lives if they knew for sure which it was? Would they change it? Dante seems to touch on this issue at the beginning of Paradiso, where he talks about souls which put their faith in God to avoid burning in eternal fire. To me, this seems an inherently selfish and unworthy reason to be let into heaven, but these souls seem to get along pretty well. But if this forever was taken away, how would it change things?
Another part I looked for were the intersections between the Comedy and science. Dante often uses the science of optics to describe what he is seeing, integrating similes about reflecting rays of light and rainbows. After having my nose in a physics textbook for a good part of my last semester at UNC, it was a breath of fresh air to see some of the ideas used in literature. The first circle of the Inferno, Limbo, is a post reserved for souls which have not been baptized (cleansed of original sin) but have also committed no sins to be condemned for. In this circle are found all kinds of men who did great deeds but are trapped in an Elysian Fields of eternal sighs because they lack faith. In this circle, Dante finds a group of men in a circle around a fire in the middle of the eternal darkness. The fire represents the use of reason by humans for accomplishing amazing feats of thought, and among this group Dante notes the greatest philosophers and scientists in history (called magnanimi). Later on at the start of Paradiso, Dante explains the structure of this kingdom which is based on the construction of our solar system theorized by Ptolomy with the Earth at the center. This structure is not actually heaven (because that would be pagan), but is only a device created by God so that the souls can become sensible to Dante.
Rivers of many kinds are found along Dante’s journey, from the rivers which pour into the freezing depths of the Inferno to a river of pure light in heaven whose shining water nourishes the flowers bending towards it from the banks. After reading about Limbo, I began to imagine a river washing all of the sins of the world down to hell. The pain and damnation that is washed off during baptism and confession flows down to the underworld where it contributes to the suffering of sinners (peccatori). Dante also uses the river as a simile for human doubts about the Caholic religion. Our lives are like the turbulent rivers in the Appenine mountains of Italy: full of turbulence and turmoil (I know mine is). However, when we are accepted into heaven by God all of these doubts are solved and we find solace and peace just like the lazy slow rivers of the Po River plain.
My favorite verse in the entire poem is ‘Dolce color d’oriental zaffiro.’ Dante uses these words in the first canto of Purgatorio to describe the color of the azure sky when he emerges from the long tunnel leading from the pit of hell to the sparkling beach of the purgatory mountain. This image, from almost complete and utter darkness into beautiful sunshine, from closed cramped spaces into wide open views, is absolutely beautiful. The first word, dolce, means sweet (as in La Dolce Vita, a popular film with the actor Mastroianni), and it describes the feeling that the suffering souls have in purgatory because of their hope for salvation. Oriental zaffiro is a mineral of the most beautiful light blue color, much like Carolina Blue (some of that school spirit stays with me).
My second favorite verse (I could totally go on) is in the last canto of Paradiso in which Dante finally sees the holy Trinity: ‘la ‘mpresa/ che fé Nettuno ammirar l’ombra d’Argo.’ In the story of Jason and the Argonauts, the Argo is the first ship to sail on the sea. As expected, the god of the sea, Neptune, gets very angry at Jason for coming into his territory, and the image of the shadow of the ship passing over him highlights his anger. Dante inverts this pre-christian image of contempt to show the admiration that God has for saved souls. In my mind whenever I read this line, I see first an image of Neptune looking up with his trident from the ocean floor as the ship passes over him (panning camera angle), and then I see the scene from his point of view with the boat travelling on the surface of the water.
Lastly, my favorite character in the Comedy is Prince Manfredi, who Dante runs into further down the beach of purgatory. This man committed the most atrocious sins imaginable: killing his brother and father to become king, being excommunicated for rebelling against the church, the list goes on. BUT he is saved because of a decision that he made in the very last moment of his life while dying on a battlefield, the decision to have faith. A decision made in a split second determined his place in the cosmos for all of eternity, and the idea that all of our lives might be changed like this in a split second is beautiful.
At the moment I am getting revved up for a second semester here in Bologna. I have to wade again through the labyrinth that is the university website to figure out which courses I will take, and I am preparing for two more exams (which here usually come after Christmas. Why? I don’t know). I just finished up leading my parents on a tour of Italy to Florence, Pisa, Venice, and Bologna, as well as cooking them all kinds of delicious food, and I am planning on heading to explore the rest of Europe at the end of the month. Using Ryan Air I can pretty much leapfrog a bunch of big cities for very cheap, and I am planning on going to Barcelona and then Paris, where I will have the opportunity to practice my French for the Peace Corps. It’s freezing cold outside but warm in my apartment, and I am still very happy to be in this country.

Pictures of my beautiful parents in Italy.


